temporum et locorum habeat relationem, nec generalis legis ecclesiasticae rationem induere possit. Etenim iuxta can. 614: 'Religiosi, etiam laici ac novitii, fruuntur privilegiis clericorum de quibus in can. 119-123'; quae inter canon 121 absolute edicit: Clerici omnes a servitio militari ... immunes sunt.' Cum autem causae ob quas datum fuerit Decretum Inter reliquas, difficultate temporum perseverent, et viri religiosi, etiam professi, ad servitium militare, pluribus in regionibus, cogantur, nullo habito respectu ad eorum statum, quo Dei servitio iam fuerint mancipati, consequens est praescripta eiusdem Decreti in suo robore esse servanda. Propositis igitur dubiis: (1) utrum Decretum Inter reliquas S. Congregationis Religiosorum, diei lae ianuarii 1911, de Religiosis servitio militari adstrictis adhuc vigeat; et quatenus affirmative: (2) utrum Novitii servitio militari adstricti, absoluto Novitiatu, vota religiosa temporanea emittere debeant ad triennium iuxta modum in can. 574 expressum ; haec Sacra Congregatio, re mature perpensa, respondendum censuit prout respondet; ad primum affirmative; ad secundum negative; et vota temporanea emittantur valitura usque ad servitium militare. Quapropter statuit S. Congregatio, ut: (1) vota praedicta cessent eo die quo Religiosus militiae effective adscriptus et disciplinae militari subiectus evadit, vel inhabilis ad militiam absolute et in perpetuum declaratur; (2) perdurante militari servitio, alumnus, quamvis votis religiosis non sit ligatus, tamen membrum religionis esse perseverat, sub auctoritate suorum Superiorum, qui de eo curam habere debent forma praescripta in Decreto Inter reliquas, nn. IV et V. Attamen, ad normam can. 637, alumnus potest libere religionem deserere, praemonitis Superioribus per declarationem in scriptis vel coram testibus, quae declaratio caute in Archivo Ordinis vel Instituti servetur; Religio pariter potest eum, ob iustas et rationabiles causas, dimissum declarare; (3) ad praecavendam autem dubitationem omnem circa professiones, quae forte post promulgationem Codicis bona fide emissae sunt contra praescriptum Decreti Inter reliquas, S. Congregatio facultates tribuit Superioribus eas sanandi, dummodo accedat consensus Religiosi, in scriptis declarandus ac in Archivis servandus. Facta autem de his relatione SSmo D. N. Benedicto Pp. XV in audientia diei 15 iulii 1919 ab infrascripto Card. Praefecto, Sanctitas Sua praedicta omnia approbavit et publici iuris fieri mandavit. Datum Romae, die et anno praedictis. R. CARD. SCAPINELLI, Praefectus. MAURUS M. SERAFINI, Ab. O.S.B., Secretarius. L.S. REVIEWS AND NOTES WOMEN OF 'NINETY-EIGHT. By Mrs. Thomas Concannon, M.A. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son, Ltd. We welcome the latest production from Mrs. Concannon's pen as a long-needed tribute of honour to women aglow with the same fire of freedom which led the heroes of 'Ninety-Eight to make the great sacrifice,' and who suffered as nobly, but more obscurely, than their sons or husbands or brothers. They have been too little known, and now they are accorded a fitting tribute from a sympathetic pen. 66 It is an album of pen-portraits of the women associated with our country's heroes of 'Ninety-Eight. All great movements owe their share to the women, who have either inspired and encouraged their men, as the Spartan mothers did of old, or supported them in their sacrifice by their sympathy or aided them with their woman's wit. And here we have the story of the women who have their share in the glory of 'NinetyEight. We have figures of martial bearing, like Betsy Gray, who went to die on the field of battle by the side of brother and lover; figures of self-sacrificing devotion, like Robert Emmet's housekeeper, Anne Devlin ; women who have shared their husband's prison cell, like Jane Emmet, or who have walked with their brothers, even to the foot of the scaffold, like Mary Anne M'Cracken'; mothers' who have won the right to stand close to Mary, beneath the cross, . . . because they, above all the other women of the world, have so often seen their first-born sons go forth," even like Mary's, "to die amid the scorn of men-for whom they died."' These are the women she gives us in her latest work, and we see how worthy they were of the husbands and sons and brothers whose memory is dear to every Irishman. The men had the more glorious part, but if we ask which suffered the more keenly-the brave men who faced dangers in their country's cause, who bore the hardships of prison cell, and met death on the field or scaffold, or the tender hearts that bore the agony of separation from their loved ones, bore the agony of uncertainty while son or brother or husband risked their lives in their country's cause, and suffered again for a life-time the agony of the terrible day, which for the hero was cut short in death-the laurel must be given to our heroines. Theirs is a greater martyrdom who bore this life-long pain at their heart than the swift martyrdom of a moment upon the scaffold or battle-field. And here we have a record of the steadfast and unwavering devotion with which these noble women suffered. The book is professedly a book of our heroines, but it is also in a very true sense the book of our heroes. It gives us the private life of those heroes, and shows us the finer stuff of which they were made. It shows us-not heroes of Spartan severity or of greatness which awes, but men of very tender, generous hearts, and we love them with a double love from the perusal of those pages. Those who know our heroes only in the pages of our histories know them with their halos on: if they would know the real men they should turn to the pages of the Women of 'Ninety-Eight. B. APOLOGETIC STUDIES. By the Very Rev. J. Tixeront, SS.DD. Authorized English Translation. New York: Herder. THE first part of this small volume comprises three Conferences in refutation of modernistic evolutionary theories on the origin of the doctrines of the Trinity, the Divinity of Christ, and the authority of the Church. The second part-more than half the book-consists of an' Essay on the Sacrament of Penance in Christian Antiquity,' in which, from numerous testimonies of the Latin and Greek Churches, the author proves that auricular confession of mortal sin was insisted on in the early ages of Christianity. Of the work of Dr. Tixeront it is unnecessary to speak, for his History of Dogmas has already made his name. One feature of the Apologetic Studies worthy of praise and imitation is the fairness and fullness with which Dr. Tixeront outlines his opponent's case before he grapples with it. The translation of the Essay on Penance is satisfactory; but the same cannot be said of the translation of the Conferences. Here are some curiosities of literature culled from the second and third Conferences: This is the question I lay down before my readers' (p. 39); 'this lack of precision . . . was easily stomached by the minds of old' (p. 55); 'whilst Philo's Logos holds out an imperfect God's stead, de facto, he is not God' (p. 55); the Gospel is neither a science nor a wisdom' (p. 81). We also regret to note that in the spelling and punctuation of the Conferences, there are numerous errors which should never have escaped a competent proof-reader. D. VARIOUS DISCOURSES. By Rev. T. J. Campbell, S.J., Fordham University, New York. Herder. FATHER CAMPBELL's Discourses will, no doubt, command a wide circulation in the States. They will also appeal to those in this country who are interested either in the development of the Church in America or in the educational problems there. Both the matter and the form of the Discourses deserve attention. Father Campbell has a vigorous oratorical style. He has, moreover, the happy faculty of introducing into the discourses historical or biographical details which form a valuable as well as an artistic setting. His sermon on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee of St. John's Church, Bangor, Maine, is a fine example of his power. No one can read that historical résumé without carrying away a life-long impression of the heroic struggles of the pioneers of the Gospel to plant the Christian faith among uncivilized savages, and of the indignities and cruelties which later missionaries, even in quite recent times, sometimes suffered at the hands of civilized savages. Imagine that only sixty-five years ago-some of our patriarchs can recall it—a priest, because he was a zealous priest, was dragged from his hidingplace by an anti-Catholic mob of Know-Nothings, was tarred from head to foot, and left 'crippled and mangled and almost dead'! How many foul deeds are done behind thy back, O Statue of Liberty! Besides the sermons-Father Campbell, by the way, objects to their being called sermons-there are addresses on subjects in which all Catholics should be well versed. One of these addresses deals with the unfair treatment meted out to our co-religionists in America, where a Godless State has erected Godless State-aided schools, without making any provision for the children of seventeen or eighteen million Catholics. Recently an attack has been trumpeted against our own school system-with what ultimate object we may easily conjecture. It behoves us, therefore, to make both ourselves and our people thoroughly conversant with the 'pros' and 'cons' of denominational education. In Father Campbell's discourse on 'The Only True American School System,' the arguments, offensive and defensive, of the Catholic position. are ably marshalled. Captivating as these various discourses must have been to the auditors, it is no wonder that Father Campbell's friends urged him to collect them and commit them to the more permanent form of a book. BOOKS, ETC., RECEIVED America: A Catholic Review (July). The Austral Light (June). Melbourne. Notre Dame, Indiana. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son, Ltd. The Month (July). London: Longmans. Études (July). Paris: 12 Rue Oudinot (VIIo). Revue Pratique d'Apologétique (July). Paris: Beauchesne. The Lamp (July). Garrison, N.Y. Revue des Jeunes (July). Paris: 3 Rue de Luynes. The Homiletic Monthly (July). London: Burns & Oates. D. Dysert-Diarmada; or Irish Place-Names. By An Irish C.C. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son, Ltd. Dánta do cum Aongur Fionn ó Dalaig. Edited by Rev. L. McKenna, S.J., M.A. Dublin: Maunsel & Co. The Conquests of Charlemagne. Edited by Dr. Douglas Hyde. London: Irish Texts Society, 20 Hanover Square, W. Studies in Modern Irish. By the Rev. Gerald Ó Nolan, M.A., B.D., Professor of Irish, Maynooth. Dublin: The Educational Co. of Ireland. SIGNIFICANCE AND VALUE OF THE DIVINE NAMES BY REV. P. P. M KENNA, O.P. As the question of the Divine names is closely associated with our knowledge of God, St. Thomas devoted twelve articles in his Summa Theologica to this all-important subject. His treatment of the matter is, in great measure, based on the nature and validity of our concepts of God. The names which we use in addressing Him, or in speaking of Him, are the sensible expressions of our thoughts, so that the Divine names are not arbitrarily applied to God but are based on the psychic value of our thought-terms. They possess, therefore, not only a logical but also a psychological value, which is more or less perfect according as they, in a greater or less degree, express the more or less perfect concepts which we form of God. To the name God St. Thomas devotes three articles. This name, which is in Latin Deus and in Greek Oeós, expresses for us, though imperfectly, the Divine nature. Etymologically considered, the word connotes activity or action, whether the Greek name, of which the Latin is only a form, is derived from beάola, the aorist of Ocáoμai (I see), or from the infinitive àílev (to burn), or bêv (to take care of), as representing an act of Divine Providence. In its use, however, the original connotation of the term is lost, so that those who use it do so, not to express an operation of the Deity, but the nature or substance of the Supreme Being, Who, indeed, knows and loves us, and Who provides for our well-being, temporal and eternal. But if this name expresses the Divine nature how explain the fact that it is communicable? Its application is governed by certain laws of thought, and if the extension of the name is not in keeping with those laws it becomes at once false and misleading. Now, the Divine nature, 1 St. Thomas, p. 1, q. XIII, aa. 8, 9, 10. FIFTH SERIES, VOL. XIV-SEPTEMBER, 1919. |