A practical work on the management of small farmsJ. Cleave, 1843 - 192 pages |
Autres éditions - Tout afficher
A Practical Work on the Management of Small Farms Feargus O'Connor Affichage du livre entier - 1846 |
A Practical Work on the Management of Small Farms Feargus O'Connor Affichage du livre entier - 1846 |
Expressions et termes fréquents
a-day a-year acres of ground acres of land advantage agriculture allowed amount artificial market barley better brick cabbages calculation capital capitalist cattle classes contend corn corn-laws covering crop cultivation earth expended feet Firstly five flax forty shilling freeholders four acres four cows give horse hundred improvement inches Ireland labour market Lancashire landlord large farmer leave machinery manual labour manufacturers manure means milk mode necessity object pigs planted plough political portion potatoes pounds weight practice prefer present produce profit purchase quantity quarter quarts rape reason rent seed sheep shillings small farm system society soil sowing sown spade speculations stone stone weight straw subscribers sufficient suppose surface tenant thousand pounds tion trade turnip twenty vetches wages waste lands weather weeds week wheat whole wild earth winter winter tares worth wurtzel
Fréquemment cités
Page 176 - One man will mould about as fast as another can carry away, two moulds being used by him. — The bricks are placed upon the level ground, where they are suffered to dry two days, turning them up edgewise the second day, and then packed in a pile, protected from the rain, and left to dry ten or twelve days, during which time the foundation of the building can be prepared. If a cellar is desired, this must be formed of stone or brick, one foot above the surface of the ground. For cheap buildings on...
Page 177 - ... brick to the weather. Whoever has erected a building with merchantable brick will at once perceive the large number of soft and yellow brick, partially burned, that it contains, brick that would soon yield to the mouldering influence of frost and storms. Such brick are, however, placed within, beyond the reach of rain, and always kept dry. A good cabin is made by a single room twenty feet square. A better one is eighteen feet wide and twenty-four feet long, cutting off eight feet on one end for...
Page 176 - For cheap buildings on the prairie, wood sills, twelve or fourteen inches wt3e, may be laid on piles or stones. This will form a good superstructure. Where lime and small stones abound, grout made of those materials (lime and stones) will answer very well. " In all cases, however, before commencing the walls for the first story, it is very desirable, as well in this case as in walls of brick, to lay a single course of slate ; this will intercept the dampness so often rising in the walls of brick...
Page 178 - I have tried the experiment in this city, by erecting a building 18 by 54 feet, two stories high, adopting the different suggestions now made. Although many doubted the success of the undertaking, all now admit it has been very successful, and presents a convenient and comfortable building, that appears well to public view, and offers a residence combining as many advantages as a stone, brick, or wood house presents.
Page 179 - I examined one that was nearly completed, of a superior order : it contained two good lower rooms and a chamber, and was neatly thatched with straw. — It is a warm, firm, and comfortable building, far superior to the one I live in ; and my opinion is, that it will last for centuries. The lumps are laid with mortar, they are then plastered, and on the outside once roughcast, which is done by throwing a mixture of water, lime, and small stones, against the walls, before the plaster is dry, which...
Page 178 - Sandy and gravelly soils may be always made into excellent walls, by forming a frame of boards, leaving a space between the boards of the intended thickness of the wall, and filling this with gravel mixed with lime mortar, or, if this cannot be got, with mortar made of clay and straw. " ' In all cases, when walls, either of this class or the former, are built, the foundations should be of stone or brick, and they should be carried up at least a foot above the upper surface of the platform.
Page 177 - ... and then adding a good coat, after sprinkling it with sand from a sand-box or other dish with small holes. " Houses built in this way are dry, warm in winter, and cool in summer, and furnish no retreat for vermin. Such houses can be made by common labourers, if a little carpenter's work is excepted, in a very short time, with a small outlay for materials, exclusive of floors, windows, doors and roof. "The question will naturally arise, will the wall stand against the rain and frost ? I answer,...
Page 176 - The wall is laid by placing the brick lengthwise, thus making the wall one foot thick. Ordinary clay, such as is used for clay mortar, will suffice, though a weak mortar of sand and lime, when these articles are cheap, is recommended as affording a more adhesive material for the plaster. The wall may safely be carried up one story, or two or three stories ; the division walls may be seven inches, just the width of the brick. The door and window frames being inserted as the wall proceeds, the building...
Page 179 - On laying the foundation of a cottage, a few layers of brick are necessary, to prevent the lumps from contracting a damp from the earth. The fire-place is lined and the oven is built with bricks. . I have known cottagers, where they could get the grant of a piece of ground to build on for themselves, erect a cottage of this description at a cost of from .£15 to £30.
Page 176 - ... from, vertical rains. The exterior wall is plastered with good lime mortar, and then with a second coat pebble-dashed. The inside is plastered without dashing. The floor may be laid with oak boards, slit, five or six inches wide, and laid down without jointing or planing, if they are rubbed over with a rough stone after the rooms are finished. Doors of a cheap and neat appearance may be made by taking two single boards of the length or width of the doors ; placing these vertically, they will...