whom the simple doctrines of the cross have not exerted and do not habitually exert a controlling influence; who has not felt himself to be by nature a child of wrath, even as others, nor tasted the bitterness of being "without God and without hope in the world;" whose whole soul has not been so captivated by the glory of the God of salvation as to give himself up wholly and unreservedly and forever to the Lord; and in whose experience such views and feelings have not occurred with all the life and interest of a real transaction-a transaction involving eternal consequences, and constituting the basis and groundwork of his entire character. One who has experienced these things will be crucified to the world, and will look upon the salvation of his fellow men as an object of deep and awful interest, to be accomplished in the use of the prescribed means, and at every hazard. To this object he will be devoted, in the spirit of Him who came not into the world to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give himself a ransom for many. Looking at the poor man struggling with innumerable hardships in the western wilds, in the light of his moral relations and responsibilities, he will consider his salvation an object of no less importance, and of more probable accomplishment, than that of the wise, the mighty, and the noble. He will feel his own responsibility. Taking a sober and just estimate of his power, whether resulting from nature, education, or condition, he will hold himself accountable to his Lord and Master for it all. As the indispensable condition of discipleship to Christ, he has, in heart, forsaken all for his sake; and is prepared to do it actually whenever called. Without these principles, let no young man come to the West-his courage would fail and his heart sink within him, when called to encounter the opposition, the obstacles, toils, cares, privations-difficulties of all sorts, which he would meet with there.

2. I would mention, as a second

requisite, a sound native intellect-a due portion of common sense. This will enable him to profit by experience; and to separate the matter and substance of religion from the "childish things" with which it is sometimes connected. It will keep him from a spirit of innovation on the one hand, and from an obstinate adherence to preconceived opinions on the other. It will make him, in short, a plain, straightforward, matter-of-fact man, who will know in what cases gentleness and compliance are necessary, and in what, firmness and decision.

3. He should possess solid and respectable attainments in all those branches of literature and science, which are necessary to enable the public teacher of Christianity to illustrate and defend the doctrines of the Bible. When entered upon the field of his labors, he will not easily find the time or the means to augment his stock of knowledge; and he will find it constantly called into requisition by the circumstances in which he will be placed. In such a region as the West truth needs strength to support it. Let the weak and the ignorant, if they must undertake the office of giving instruction, undertake it in older countries, where they can more readily derive aid from contiguous auxiliaries.

4. He must possess a sound bodily constitution, which has not been broken down-I will not say, by study, for this term I should like to have understood to mean vigorous thinking, but by a kind of process invented to relieve the mind from the necessity of thought, and the body from the invigorating influence of mental exercise. For that such is its influence, when properly directed and happily interrupted by the exercise of the body, every scholar knows from his own experience. In the Western regions a minister of the gospel cannot be useful, even in a moderate degree, whose nervous system has been prostrated by intemperate plodding over systems of heavy matter.

5. I would advise, in the last place,

that he be a person formed by nature with such a capacity, and trained by exercise in such mental discipline, as will enable him, when in the pulpit, to dispense with his manuscript. Where the practice of preaching with notes, or reading, as it is, perhaps, more appropriately termed in the West, prevails, it gives me no offence or uneasiness, because, in that case, it gives none to the audience. But in the West it is not so. There the preacher will not always find a pulpit with a cushion and folio bible, where he may snugly dispose of his manuscript, and if he should find these, he will not find an audience, except in one or two places, who would allow the accommodation. Let him violate rules of concord, misplace accents, adopt unnatural and inhuman tones, if he pleases-let him transgress all

and desirable results. No better evidence is required of the truth of this remark, than the fact that the authors of the addresses, whose titles we have named, belong to five denominations of Christians. The same views in regard to the importance of education, the necessity of a systematic course of discipline, and the vast interests which are depending upon the wide diffusion of knowledge, are exhibited, in substance, in them all. Dr. Janeway, in his address, illustrates the paramount importance of theological knowledge; the value of the great text-book in this science the BIBLE; the necessity of an educated ministry; the superior advantages of public over private theological instruction; the effect of pursuing a regular, systematic course, &c. Some remarks are made upon the history of theological seminaries; and a synopsis is giv

en of the doctrines which will be taught in the seminary. We make one extract on

if he would benefit a western audi

INAUGURAL ADDRESSES.

1. An Inaugural Address, delivered Oct. 16, 1828, by Jacob J. Janeway, D. D., Professor of Theology in the Western Theol. Sem. Pennsylvania.

2. An Address delivered at Hanover, Oct. 29, 1828, by Nathan Lord, D. D., at his Inauguration as President of Dartmouth College.

3. An Inaugural Address, delivered in the

city of Washington, March 11, 1829, by S. Chapin, D. D., President of the Columbian College.

4. An Inaugural Address, delivered before the Board of Trustees of Madison College, Uniontown, Penn., Sept. 15, 1828, by Rev. H. B. Bascom, Principal.

5. An Inaugural Address, delivered before the Trustees, Faculty, and Students of the University of Pennsylvania, Sept. 17, 1828, by William H. De Lancey, D. D., Provost of the University.

The increasing interest which is felt in the subject of education, by all the branches of the Christian Church in our country, is a fact of most promising aspect. A spirit is moving through all the religious denominations, which is prophetic of great

"An uneducated, illiterate ministry, will not meet the wants either of our own country or of the world. Such men, by a simple enunciation of the fundamental doctrines of the gospel, may do, and have done, good, by turning sinners to righteousness; but they are not the men whom God uses for accomplishing a work of extensive usefulness to his church. Not to speak of Moses, who was learned in all the wisdom of Egypt, nor of Paul, to whom we have already adverted, we observe, that the illustrious men by whom the Reformation was carried on; Luther in Germany, Calvin in France and Geneva, Zuinglius in Switzerland, and Knox in Scotland, were all learned. Elliot, the apostle of the Indians, the Mayhews and Brainerd, who la

bored successfully among them, had all received a collegiate education. How could

illiterate ministers have effected the great work done by Carey, Marshman, Ward, and others, in translating the Bible into so many languages of the East? Whitefield and Wesley, the honored instruments in producing such extensive revivals of religion, both in England and America, in the last century, were men of liberal education. Look over the history of the Presbyterian church, and you will see that the ministers who were most distinguished as instruments for effecting the greatest good, were most distinguished by their literature and scientific attainments. Tennant, Davies, Findley, Dickenson, Witherspoon, and others, whom we regard with gratitude and reverence for the services rendered by them to our church, were scholars."

Dr. Janeway has recently resigned his Professorship, and Professor Halsey, of Princeton, has been appointed his successor, and has accepted the appointment. We gave some account of this seminary, Vol. I. p. 119.

President Lord offers some remarks upon the accelerated progress with which knowledge has advanced in the present age; the danger of adopting injudicious measures, and of carrying innovations to an extreme; the embarrassing situation of those who conduct our public institutions, called as they are to "discriminate rightly between the diverse systems of instruction and discipline;" the difficulty of combining, in a college, that course of instruction which will qualify for professional eminence with

that which is required for success in the business of active life; the importance of keeping the college distinct from the professional school; the necessity of large preparatory attainment; the high utility of classical studies; the moral dangers of col

lege life, &c. Upon the necessity of a pure and constraining moral influence in colleges, the President remarks as follows:

"It is now more than ever demanded, and the fact is most creditable to the spirit of the times, that a literary institution should be a safe resort; and no other advantages will, in the common estimation, compensate for defect and failure in this particular. The relations which every individual student sustains to God and to eternity, call imperiously and aloud, that the great principles of moral obligation, the everlasting distinctions between right and wrong, the methods of the Divine administration, and the solemnities of eternal retribution, should be kept before him in all their significancy, and enforced by the constraining motives of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, without which, all secondary authority and influence will be comparatively vain. The relations also of the whole body of students to their country and the world demand, and the admonition is sounded out from every corner of our land, from the city, and the field, and even from the desert, that here should be laid the foundation of those virtuous habits, of that reverence for God, and practical regard for his ordinances, without which the influence of our educated men will gradually undermine the fair fabric of our national freedom, and the ruins of our country will be heaped up for an everlasting memorial, that neither liberty, nor learning, nor wealth, nor arts, nor arms, can stay the decline of that people, among

whom the redeeming spirit of Christianity has no permanent abode." -"That is the noblest of all efforts, which has respect to the preparation of mind for the service of its Creator, among its kindred intelligences, and for the joys of an immortal life. And that will be a glorious consummation, (may it be ours to hasten it) when the destined alliance between religion and learning shall be perfected, and their united influence shall be employed, and shall prevail, to raise a world from ignorance, and sin, and wretchedness, to the dignity and the privilege of the sons of God. And let us hope, both in regard to this college, whose interests we now cherish, and all other kindred institutions, that amidst the changes of society by which they are occasionally affected, and the adversities by which they are depressed, we shall see the vindication of that rule of Providence, by which good is always educed from evil. Let us believe that those prejudices, and mistakes, and errors, and abuses, which are wont, in undisturbed prosperity, to become inveterate, shall be done away that those improvements, which may be expected to flow from the influence of free governments and a free Christianity shall prevail, and shall contribute to make the reign of liberty, and knowledge, and truth, not only universal in extent, but perpetual in duration."

The theme of Dr. Chapin's address is, "the Business of Human Life." This he defines by saying, that it is to acquire that education in knowledge, and to form that character, which will qualify us for a future state of happiness. That this is the business of human life, is proved by the arguments "That the mental endowments of man indicate that he is designed for another and more lasting state; and that all the appointed means of instruction and discipline are actually adapted to exert such an influence over his mind, as is best calculated to fit him for a future world of glory." To the young students of the institution the President thus speaks :

"High aims in early life, and undying perseverance, have formed those illustrious characters who have conferred the brightest honors upon the human race. To discipline the mind, according to your wishes, you are supplied with the most appropriate and powerful means. Does the soul suffer its divine glories to be sullied in the mire of lusts, you can paint before it the folly and wretchedness of this sensual slavery. Is it led astray by some dangerous spell, you have the means of breaking the enchantment. Is it involved in moral darkness, you may carry to it the light of life. Is the

subject of your instructions bold and obdurate, is his neck stiff, like an iron sinew, you are armed with the terrors of the Lord, -with weapons sharp and massive, and which, like the shining of God's glittering spear, may, at once, terrify and subdue the stoutest heart. Is he captivated by earthborn glories, lift the veil which hides from his sight the future tribunal, let the light of eternity shine upon him, and all the charms of this deceitful world may vanish from his view. This intellectual culture, when aid ed by the power of grace in relation to yourselves, will put you in possession of sources of enjoyment, which the vicissitudes of time can never destroy. Taught by the light of revelation, and by the disasters which often sweep away the richest earthly inheritance, you will see the folly of resting your hopes upon such uncertain objects. You will build your house on a high foundation, where you will enjoy perpetual sunshine, while you hear the thunder of the distant tempest. But, young gentlemen, if you are not yet resolved to make the advancement of mind in moral and intellectual excellency your greatest care, let me remind you, that you cannot, with impunity, waive such a resolution.

The obligation, which rests upon you to do so, results from your endowments and relations; and it is as much beyond your power to cast it off, as it is to effect your own annihilation, or to dethrone the Majesty of heaven. It does not belong to you to say what shall be the number of your talents, or the nature of your connexions. These are unalterably fixed by that Being, with whom there is no shadow of turning. It is only for you to say, whether these talents shall be improved or abused; whether your

relations shall be sustained with honor or

with ignominy; and whether your undying spirit shall be fitted to swell the chorus of

In view

a mo

heaven, or the wailings of despair marked with such mentous difference, you cannot be ignorant

of the path of wisdom."

It is the object of President Bascom to sketch an intellectual chart, or to define

and illustrate the essential elements of useful knowledge. He accordingly offers some remarks on the origin, dignity, and destination of man; education, its nature and uses; its influence upon man as an intellectual, moral, and social being; a brief survey of the history and advantages of enlightened education; the present prospects of literature; and the union of science and relig

ion.

Mr. Bascom thus speaks of the Institution over which he presides :

Of our infant seminary, it becomes us

to speak with modesty, although authorized to indulge in the language of hope. As it respects the character of Madison College, called, by permission, after the venerable Ex-President Madison, of Virginia, and the principles upon which it is established, we have to remark, that it is purely and exclusively a literary institution. We do not, we will not, compound with any thing sectarian or selfish. It is true, the Institution has been established under the patronage of the Pittsburgh Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; and to that enterprising body, as well as to other sources, we look for fiscal and other aid: but, as the authorized agent and representative of that body, I am instructed to pledge their public faith, that the only object we have in view, is to promote the interests of religion and science, upon broad and liberal principles, and upon a plan excluding all local, sectional, or party interests."

The academical department of the University of Pennsylvania has lately been reorganized. It is now represented to be in a flourishing condition. Dr. De Lancey, in his inaugural, describes the benefits of a collegiate education: it expands the mind; it affords that indescribable pleasure which results from the acquisition of knowledge; it gives method and precision to the mental operations; it produces an elevated tone of mind, &c. The following recapitulation is given:

"It will be seen at once, that if collegiate studies produce the effects which have been now enumerated-if they stimulate, expand, ennoble, and inform the mind, and give precision and method to its operations, they must obviously be calculated to prepare the individual who submits to this discipline, for the pursuit of any professional engagement on which his eye may be fixwhich of the professions can it with any truth be said, that it needs not, in the acquisition or the practice of it, the mental energy, expansion, elevation, and precision to which I have referred. Collegiate attainments are the foundation on which the edifice of future professional knowledge is to be reared; and its symmetry, strength, and durability, will be in exact proportion to the character of this ground-work on which it is to rest. If this be feeble, disproportioned, carelessly constructed, or of bad materials, it cannot serve for any othor than a defective, insecure, unstable building. And even if the youthful student is not destined for either of the learned professions, the mental training which he undergoes in college, and the knowledge which he here acquires, will not be thrown away. They will aid him in whatever occupation he may choose to en

Distinct mention is made in most of these addresses of the paramount and supreme importance of religion. It is surely time that that course of education should be adopted, in all our colleges, which shall have a prime reference to the moral powers-to the condition of the soul for time and eternity. Some of our colleges, and we cannot but rejoice in the fact, are making arrangements to secure the more effectual pastoral care, and religious instruction of the students.

We earnestly hope that the study of the Hebrew scriptures, embodying as they do all which is touching, and pure, and sublime in sentiment and language, containing, as they do, the "thoughts of God," will soon form a part of the course of study in our colleges; and we cannot but anticipate the highest intellectual and religious advantages from the measure.

NOTICES OF PUBLICATIONS. Ministerial Responsibility-a Discourse delivered before the Synod of Philadelphia, at Harrisburg, Pa., Oct. 1827, by John Breckinridge, junior pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in Baltimore. pp. 56.

Through inadvertence, we failed to notice this able discourse at the proper time. Did our limits permit, we would now avail ourselves of the privilege of quoting large ly from its pages. It is founded on the commission which our Saviour gave his disciples, to evangelize all nations, as recorded in Matthew xxviii. 18, 19, 20. The topic, which the preacher illustrates by a great variety of considerations, is the following; That the ministers of reconciliation, being

the authorized functionaries in the great work of evangelizing the world, any failure in its success must always be owing mainly to their abuse of their solemn trust.

From the closing pages we make the fol. lowing extract.

"Since ministers are officially set apart, and furnished for this work-and, as a great fact, must succeed, if they are faithful to their trust-the conclusion is irresistible, that if they forbear to 'go' and 'preach the gospel to every creature,' they are for

that, accountable to God: if they 'go' forth, not apprehending their official supports, nor possessing their official spirit, they cannot make full proof of their ministry, and hence they must fail; and for that, they are accountable. The church must account to God, for her criminal lethargy in this service; and the revolted world bear the curse of a violated law, and a rejected Saviour; but upon the ministry of this, and other ages, is devolved the awful charge, of abusing those means which are adapted to rouse and purify the church, and to overcome the resistance of the worldcontributed to retard the conversion of the and of having thus, in a principal degree, world. It is a responsibility indefinitely great; and cannot be distributively divided unto each; but it is enough to make each of us tremble. Each should ask, 'what obliged the apostles, more than us, to be foreign missionaries, and self-devoted servants of Jesus Christ? For how much of the present state of the church and world shall I have to account? How much is

there, that I could, and do not prevent, of the endless perdition of men? How much might I avail, in the hands of Heaven, if fully awake, and in action, toward the conversion of the world? These questions must be met, if not before, at the judgement seat of Christ!

"We learn, in the light of this subject, the superlative importance of those institutions, which have for their object, the selecting, training, and sending forth youth of the right spirit and qualifications, to publish salvation to the perishing kindred and nations of the

earth.

"It is sufficiently apparent, that none should be induced to enter on this service, who are not entirely surrendered to the Lord, and endowed for the due performance of its high and holy functions. Yet 'the harvest truly is plenteous, but the laborers are few; pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth laborers into his harvest.'

"In fine, so far as we see, the missionary cause cannot extensively triumph, without to the day in which we live. men of a spirit and order, almost unknown

"There is a palpable disproportion between our spirit and our field of enterprise. Do not our self-denial, and our zeal, and our devotion to the work, find their rivals in the every-day-achievements of patriots, and soldiers, and navigators for discovery, and in all the more kindling occupations of the world-though things temporal furnish all the motive to action, and their horizon takes its boundary from the things that are seen? We must recal the spirit of primeval days. Oh for other Pauls to lead us on to victory, in the name of Jesus! The stake must be restored to the catalogue of missionary honors, ere the sons of the