The Growth of English Industry and Commerce: Early and middle ages

Couverture
At the University Press, 1890
 

Table des matières

Industrial organisms of different types
10
Social differentiation and accurate terms
11
Facts and ideas
12
Distinct political periodsdescription and explanation
13
Different kinds of evidence their relative value
14
The use of the comparative method
15
English industrial progress as typical
16
Extent of the political changes
17
Factors in moral progress
18
The evidence of Tacitus
21
Modes of settlement
22
Rights of each villager
23
Intensive tillage
24
Tribal and village organisation
25
The arts of peace
26
The art of
27
THE ENGLISH IN FRISIA
28
The withdrawal of the Welsh
29
The evidence of Cæsar
30
Extensive tillage
31
The Roman mission 63
32
Selfsufficing villages 67
33
Internal trade 34 Arrangements for tillage and industry
34
Foreign influence on industry
36
9
37
Their enterprise
38
Danish settlements in England
39
The Danes in towns
40
Centres of trade 88888 83 86
41
Respect for property
42
Personal and proprietary relationships
43
Public burdens
44
The servile population
45
How far was there a break of continuity from Roman times?
46
The new developments not inherently improbable
47
The functions of money
48
Units of measurement
49
Units of value
50
Definition and computation
51
Units of assessment
52
Commercial regulation
53
The division of employments
54
10
67
Edward I and national consolidation 241
85
Edward III and foreign policy 245
86
Commercial morality and empirical legislation 249
87
Usurpations and malversation
88
Ecclesiastical immunities
89
Purveyance and the customs
90
Legislative facilities for commerce 250 252 255 259
91
The expulsion of the Jews 265
92
Alien merchants and bankers
93
Signs of prosperity 268 271
94
Sources and pressure of taxation 273
95
Comforts and conveniences of life 275
96
Plenty industries thrift
97
12
98
The wine trade
99
Fair dealing herring cloth
100
The currency and exchanges
101
Regulation of wages the Black Death
102
Formation of gilds and relation to authorities
103
Their objects
104
Apprentices journeymen and masters
105
The commonwealth
106
Nicholas Oresme
107
The currency
108
Conditions of monetary transactions
109
City opinion on money lending
110
ROYAL INQUISITIONS 61 The object of the Domesday Survey
155
The Articles of Enquiry
156
Milton and Soham
162
The towns
165
The Hundred Rolls
166
FOREIGN INTERCOURSE 66 Intermunicipal commerce in Europe
173
Foreign artisans
176
Alien merchantsthe Hansards
181
Gascon and Italian merchants
184
The Jews
187
Foreign ecclesiastics
193
ROYAL CHARTERS 72 Progress of the towns
197
Manorial jurisdiction and claims for service
199
Royal rights fiscal obligations
202
17
206
Affiliation of burghs
209
Municipal selfgovernment
211
18
214
ROYAL MUNICIPAL AND MANORIAL ECONOMY 78 The Dialogus de Scaccario
215
Extents Compotus Rolls Court Rolls
217
Manorial officers
222
Walter of Henley Husbandry Grosstestes Rules
223
Communal prosperity and fair dealing
226
Christian doctrine of a just price
233
The condemnation of usury
236
21
300
23
306
322
322
24
326
Decay of local institutions
334
Royal and ecclesiastical authority
335
The beginnings of the mercantile system
337
Classes of modern society
338
THE MERCANTILE CLASS AND THE PEASANTS 115 The wealth of the merchants
340
Magnificence and comfort
345
27
349
Mercantile policy
350
The Peasants Revolt
355
Sheep farming
361
COMMERCIAL RELATIONSHIPS 120 Decay of shipping piracy
366
Companies of Adventurers
370
The Hanse League
372
Florence Genoa Venice
378
Protection of native artisans
384
Money and bullion
386
INDUSTRY AND INTERNAL TRADE 126 The cloth manufacture
389
28
394
The encouragement of tillage
398
Internal communications and towns
400
The determination of prices
404
Relations of persons and exchange of things
409
Personal responsibility
411
National consciousness
416
PRELIMINARY SURVEY
418
ACCELERATED RATE OF CHANGE
428
Navigation Acts
434
Pilots and harbours
441
THE GILDS
450
Gilds as administrative organs
456
Migration of industry
463
Social and political results of increased sheep farming
471
The Unemployed
478
General Subsidies
488
Moralists and preachers
494
B MANORIAL RECORDS
504
MUNICIPAL LIFE
540
THE WOOL TRADE IN THE XIII AND XIV CENTURIES
545
E NICHOLAS ORESMES TRACTATUS DE ORIGINE MONETARUM
556

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Page 462 - It is not taken where a man doth enclose and hedge in his own proper ground, where no man hath commons.
Page 77 - West-Saxons, chiefly on the south coast, by predatory bands ; most of all by their ' aescs,' which they had built many years before. Then king Alfred commanded long ships to be built to oppose the aescs; they were full-nigh twice as long as the others ; some had sixty oars, and some had more : they were both swifter and steadier, and also higher than the others. They were shapen neither like the Frisian nor the Danish, but so as it seemed to him that they would be most efficient.
Page 391 - AD 1437. forth an act6, the preamble of which recites that " masters, wardens, and people of gilds, fraternities, and other companies corporate, dwelling in divers parts of the realm, oftentimes by colour of rule and governance and other terms in general words to them granted and confirmed by charters and letters patent of divers kings, made among themselves many unlawful and unreasonable ordinances, as well in prices of ware and other things for their own singular profit and to the common hurt and...
Page 434 - ... brought certain news that they had found land. His fleet consisted of five vessels, which carried provisions for one year. It is said that one of them, in which one Friar Buil1 went, has returned to Ireland in great distress, the ship being much damaged.
Page 436 - ONE master Hore of London, a man of goodly stature and of great courage, and given to the studie of Cosmographie...
Page 83 - Ireland, whence they had stolen away, because they desired for the love of God to be in a state of pilgrimage, they recked not where. The boat in...
Page 456 - God of his goodness hath disposed great plenty and abundance of movable substance, now of late within few years have daily studied, practised, and invented ways and means how they might accumulate and gather together, into few hands, as well as great multitudes of farms as great plenty of cattle, and in special sheep.
Page 385 - ... but apparently they perpetrated frauds on the labourers, in delivering the wool, and by forcing the labourers to take a great part of their wages in pins, girdles, and other ' unprofitable wares." This appears to be the earliest act against truck ; it ordains that for the future payment shall be made in true and lawful money. The various employments, which were combined in...
Page 433 - Bristol have, for the last seven years, sent out every year two, three, or four light ships in search of the Island of Brazil and the Seven Cities, according to the fancy of this Genoese.
Page 457 - ... possessions of this realm, or else brought it to such excessive fines that no poor man is able to meddle with it, but also have raised and enhanced the prices of all manner of corn, cattle, wool, pigs, geese, hens, chickens, eggs, and such other...

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