The Principles of the Law of RestitutionThis new textbook outlines the general principles of the rapidly developing subject of the Law of Restitution. Restitution is concerned with the reversing of unjust enrichment and was recently recognized as a discrete body of law by the House of Lords although restitutionary principles have infact been evolving for over 200 years.Rather than taking the traditional approach which assumes that restitutionary remedies will be awarded against a defendant only where it can be shown that the defendant has been unjustly enriched at the expense of the plaintiff.The book asserts that the law of restitution is simply concerned withthe question of when restitutionary remedies may be awarded, that is remedies which are assessed by reference to a benefit obtained by the defendant. But in determining whether restitutionary remedies are available it is necessary to identify the causes of the action which triggers them. There arethree such causes of action, namely the reversal of the defendants unjust enrichment, the commission of a wrong by the defendant, and the vindication of the defendants property rights.The state of the law is examined through analyses of the statutory provisions and key cases demonstrating the way the law is used to resolve a wide variety of legal problems. The very different views of academics as to the nature and ambit of the subject are also identified. This book will beinvaluable to students on restitution courses at every level. |
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Table des matières
Table of Cases | xxxvii |
Table of Statutes | lxvii |
The Essence of Restitution | 3 |
ii Is a Proprietary Restitutionary Claim Founded | 12 |
The Obstacles of History | 18 |
The Role of Rescission within the Law of Restitution | 28 |
Themes and Controversies | 37 |
The Principle Against Fictions | 43 |
of Consideration | 395 |
Incapacity | 409 |
Restitution from Public Authorities | 422 |
Reform of the Law | 439 |
General Principles | 445 |
The Available Defences for Restitution for Wrongs | 469 |
Restitution for Torts | 473 |
Is there a General Principle in Favour of the Award | 496 |
The Relationship between Law and Equity | 44 |
The Principle of Unjust Enrichment | 49 |
The Function of the Unjust Enrichment Principle | 52 |
Enrichment | 58 |
ii The Subjective Test of Enrichment | 64 |
3333335 | 68 |
Methods of Overriding Subjective Devaluation | 70 |
Subjective Revaluation | 86 |
Partperformance of a Contract | 93 |
At the Expense of the Plaintiff | 105 |
The Grounds of Restitution for the Purpose | 117 |
Ignorance | 128 |
Mistake | 134 |
Compulsion | 188 |
Exploitation | 248 |
Abuse of Fiduciary Relationships of Confidence | 283 |
Necessity | 300 |
Failure of Consideration | 323 |
Total Failure of Consideration | 329 |
Partial Failure of Consideration | 373 |
Restitution for Breach of Contract | 498 |
Restitution for Equitable Wrongdoing | 518 |
Criminal Offences | 556 |
Establishing Proprietary Restitutionary Claims | 591 |
The Following and Tracing Rules | 642 |
Restitutionary Claims and Remedies to Vindicate Property | 656 |
The Defence of Bona Fide Purchase | 674 |
Conditions for Establishing the Defence | 677 |
Fundamental Principles and General Bars | 683 |
Defences Arising from Changes in the Defendants | 694 |
Transfer of a Benefit by an Agent to His or Her Principal | 704 |
Passing On and Mitigation of Loss | 733 |
Illegality | 740 |
Incapacity | 757 |
Should a Defence of Incapacity be Recognised? | 766 |
Limitation Periods and Laches | 767 |
779 | |
789 | |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
able accepted action actually applicable arises authority awarded Bank benefit Birks breach cause Chapter circumstances commission common concerned Consequently consideration considered constructive contract Court crime damages dant decision defendant defendant's determine discharged duress duty effect entered equitable establish example expense fact failed fiduciary follows founded Goff ground of restitution held House of Lords identified illegal important influence intention involves law of restitution liability Lord loss matter means mistake namely necessary obtained operate paid particular party payment person plain plaintiff position possible principle profits question reason receipt received recognised recover reference regarded relating relationship relevant rely respect restitutionary claim restitutionary remedies result rule simply subjective suggested third party threats tion tort transaction transferred trust undue unjust enrichment wrong