Elementary Principles of Carpentry: A Treatise on the Pressure and Equilibrium of Timber Framing, the Resistance of Timber, and the Construction of Floors, Centres, Bridges, Roofs; Uniting Iron and Stone with Timber, Etc. With Practical Rules and Examples. To which is Added an Essay on the Nature and Properties of Timber ... Also Numerous Tables ... Illustrated by Fifty-three Engravings, a Portrait of the Author, and Several Wood Cuts

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John Weale, 1853 - 334 pages
 

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Page 54 - ... the square root of the quotient will be the diameter of the pump plunger in inches (allowing 5 per cent.
Page i - THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CARPENTRY : a Treatise on the Pressure and Equilibrium of Timber Framing, the Resistance of Timber, and the Construction of Floors, Arches, Bridges, Roofs, Uniting Iron and Stone with Timber, &c. To which is added an Essay on the Nature and Properties of Timber...
Page 53 - WHEN THE BEAM IS FIxED AT BOTH ENDS AND LOADED IN THE MIDDLE.
Page 235 - In digging away the foundation of the old Savoy Palace in London, which was built six hundred and fifty years since, the whole of the piles, many of which were of Oak, were found in a state of perfect soundness, as also was the planking which covered the...
Page 263 - Mahogang is a native of the West Indies and the country round the Bay of Honduras. It is said to be of rapid growth, and so large that its trunk often exceeds 40 feet in length and 6 feet in diameter.
Page 261 - ... of a yellowish or brownish white, with pores inclined to red. Elm is in general porous and cross-grained, sometimes very coarse grained, and has no large septa. It has a peculiar odour. It twists and warps much in drying, and shrinks very much both in length and breadth. It is difficult to work, but is not liable to split, and bears the driving of bolts and nails better than any other timber. The timber of the English elm is generally esteemed the best ; that of the wych elm is equally as good,...
Page 204 - Hesiod to the same effect ; and adds, " as the houses of the ancients were so smoky, it may be easily comprehended how, by means of smoke, they could dry and harden pieces of timber.
Page 201 - This is an evident proof that firm cohesion does not take place when the moisture is dissipated in a high heat. Also, seasoning by heat alone, produces a hard crust on the surface, which will scarcely permit the moisture to evaporate from the internal part, and is very injurious to the wood. "For the general purposes of carpentry, timber should not be used in less than two years after it is felled ; and this is the least time that ought to be allowed for seasoning. For joiners...
Page 196 - In trees that have not arrived at maturity, the hardness and solidity of the wood are greatest at the heart, and decrease towards the sap-wood; but in the mature or perfect tree the heart-wood is nearly uniform; while that of a tree on the decline is softer at the centre than it is next the sap-wood. These observations were made by Buffon in the course of his numerous experiments, and also by Duhamel. Of Felling Timber. 318. "It should be," says the venerable Evelyn, fj in the vigour and perfection...
Page 242 - The modulus of the elasticity of any substance is a column of the same substance, capable of producing a pressure on its base which is to the weight causing a certain degree of compression, as the length of the substance is to the diminution of its length. The modulus of elasticity is the measure of the elastic force of any substance. A practical notion of the modulus of elasticity may be readily obtained. Let t be the quantity of a bar of wood, iron or other substance, an inch square and a foot...

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