We re

OF HIS RELIGIOUS OPINIONS, NEVER ENTERED OUR HEARTS. gard every loyal subject as our friend, be his religion what it may: we have no enmity, but to the enemies of our country.

"We further declare that we are ready, at all times, to submit ourselves to the orders of those in authority under his Majesty ; and that we will cheerfully undertake any duty which they shall think proper to point out to us, in case either a foreign enemy shall dare to invade our coasts, or that a domestic foe shall presume to raise the standard of rebellion in the land. To these prsnciples we are pledged, and in support of them we are ready to shed the last drop of our blood."

To this we shall add some extracts from the pamphlet here recommended. It opens thus :-" At a time when the detestable principles of the French revolution threatened to destroy the Constitution and Religion of surrounding nations, THE ORANGE INSTITUTION arose in Ireland. Its services are on record. Lodges were also established here; at first, small in number, but the rebellious associations of the followers of King Lud, closely resembling, in many material features, the principles and practices of the United Irish, caused the aid of the Orange Institution to be invoked in Lancashire, where it has much extension, and from its establishment much benefit has resulted.

Now that, by a strange compact, called the "Formation Arraugement," the confidential advisers of the Sovereign have thought fit to abandon, as a cabinet,* the protection of the Protestant ascendancy, and of the Whig principles, which seated the House of Brunswick on the throne, the maintenance of the Constitution has devolved upon the good sense and attachment of the country. Fearful of an institution, so manifestly calculated to afford support and secure the mutual co-operation of the friends of the establishment the Jacobin press has taken the earliest opportunity of reviling, with unfounded calumny, copied from newspapers edited by United Irishmen, the principles and objects of our institution. To repel those calumnies, and to recommend an institution, which requires only to be known to be supported, the following short sketch is submitted; and if any one thinks the Orange Institution praiseworthy, but unnecessary here, a work of good, but of supererogation,-let him bear in mind that the Protestant ascendancy† has now no support but the voice of the peo

* Regarding the Roman Catholic Question as one of vital importance to the British Constitution, we deeply regret that Ministry have not stepped forward in a body to defend the Protestant Establishment against its crafty, its inveterate, its audacious encmies. The Papists have thus gained an alarming advantage.-EDITOR.

+ "The Protestant Ascendancy," one of the standing toasts of the Pitt Commemoration Club, was withheld in compliment to some of the Prince Regent's Ministers, until VOL. I. [Prot. Adv. July, 1813,] 3 Z

ple, and that every effort is making to stifle that voice, and to depreciate the number and respectability of its supporters."

Having given the Dublin Declaration, we here print, from the Appendix to the proposed Orange Institution, in this Island, the General Declaration of its objects." We associate, to the utmost of our power, to support and defend his Majesty, King George the Third, the Constitution and laws of this country, and the succession to the throne, in his Majesty's illustrious house, being Protestants: for the defence of our persons and properties; and to maintain the peace of the country; and, for these purposes, we will be at all times ready to assist the civil and military powers, in the just and lawful discharge of their duty. We also associate in honour of King William the Third, Prince of Orange, whose name we bear, as supporters of his glorious memory, and the true religion, by him, completely established in these realms. And, in order to prove our gratitude and affection for his name, we will annually celebrate the victory over James, at the Boyne, on the first day of July, O. S. in every year, which day shall be our grand æra for ever.

"We further declare, that we are exclusively a Protestant association; yet, detesting as we do an intolerant spirit, we solemnly pledge ourselves to each other, that we will not persecute, injure, or upbraid any person on account of his religious opinions, provided the same be not hostile to the state; but that we will, on the contrary, be aiding and assisting to

they had retired! The particulars are as follow:-Between four and five hundred persons dined at the London Tavern, to celebrate the birth-day of Mr. Pitt, on the 28th of May. The company filled three rooms. In the second room, where Mr. Atcheson presided, "The Protestant Ascendancy" was given, [immediately after " the House of Brunswick,] and may they never forget the principles which seated them on the throne of these realms." In the first room, where the chair was filled by the Marquis of Huntley, "the Protestant Ascendancy" was not given till between eleven and twelve o'clock. The Noble Chairman briefly observed that, at that hour of the night, he thought that the shortest speeches were the best; that he was a soldier, and that, of course, he never deserted his post, and never forgot his duty, "Therefore, Gentlemen," said he, “ I give you the Protestant Ascendancy, with three times three, standing." This toast was drank with the same spirit, and the same marks of applause, which had accompanied it, when given in the second room; and which were in strict conformity with that enthusiastic burst of sentiment and feeling, which spontaneously broke forth from every member of the club, at the following stanza of the glee, which was sung immediately after the House of Brunswick, &c.

"Here's a health to OLD ENGLAND,

The KING and the CHURCH.

May all plotting contrivers

Be left in the lurch,"

every loyal subject, of every religious description, in protecting him from violence and oppression."-This declaration is copied from one subjoined to Dr. Cupples's second sermon, (Text, 4 Eph. 1. "walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called ;") preached July 12th, 1804, where it appears that the declaration is" ordered to be read at every meeting of an Orange Society."

We next give the qualifications requisite for an Orangeman; (also taken from the Appendix annexed to Dr. Cupples's second sermon :)-"He should have a sincere love and veneration for his Almighty Maker, productive of those lively and happy fruits, righteousness, and obedience to his commands; a firm and stedfast faith in the Saviour of the world, convinced that he is the only Mediator between a sinful creature, and an offended Creator without these he cannot be a Christian. He should be of an humane and compassionate disposition; of a courteous and affable behaviour; an utter enemy to savage brutality, and every species of cruelty; a lover of good society, and improving company; he should have a laudable regard for the Protestant religion, and a sincere desire to propagate its precepts: zealous in promoting the honour, happiness, and prosperity of his king and country; heartily desirous of victory and success in these pursuits, yet convinced and assured, that God alone can grant them. He should have an hatred of cursing and swearing, and taking the name of God in vain (a shameful practice); and he should use all opportunities of discouraging it among his brethren. Wisdom and prudence should guide his actions; honesty and integrity direct his conduct, and the honour and glory of his king and country be the motives of his endeavours. Lastly, he should pay the strictest attention to a religious observance of the Sabbath; and also to temperance and sobriety."

Our next extract is-" The Order of Business for each Night.-1st. Lodge to open with a prayer [members standing]. 2d. General Rules read. 3d. Members proposed. 4th. Report from Committee. 5th. Names of Members called over. 6th. Members balloted for. 7th. Members made. 8th. Lodge to close with a prayer [Members standing]."

We conclude the prayers used at the opening and closing a lodge, (there is another which may be used at the option of the chaplain).-" Gracious and Almighty God, who, in all ages, hast shewn thy mighty power, in protecting righteous Kings, and States; we yield thee hearty thanks for so miraculously bringing to light, and frustrating the secret and horrible designs of our enemies, plotted and intended to have been executed against our gracious King, our happy Constitution, and the true religion established by our glorious deliverer, King William the Third, Prince of Orange. Vouchsafe, O Lord, to continue unto us thine Almighty protection;

ἐς

grant to our pious King, long life, health and prosperity. Let the providence ever guard our happy Constitution, and enable us to transmit it to our latest posterity unimpaired, and improved by our holy religion. "Bless, we beseech thee, every member of the Orange Institution, with charity, brotherly love and loyalty. Make us truly respectable here on earth, and eternally happy hereafter. These and all other blessings, we beg in the name, and through the mediation of Jesus Christ our Lord and Saviour.

Amen.”

We conclude with the "Form of Prayer used at closing.-O Al. mighty God! who art a strong tower of defence unto thy servants, against the face of their enemies: we yield thee thanks for our deliverance from those great and apparent dangers wherewith we were encompassed: We acknowledge thy goodness that we were not delivered over as a prey unto them, beseeching thee still to continue such thy mercies towards us, that all the world may know thou art our Saviour and mighty deliverer, through Jesus Christ. Amen."*

(We hope that what is here given will answer the object of I. H. G. Pimlico.-EDITOR.)

MELANCTHON'S SIXTH LETTER.
(See page 446.)

The Origin of the Regal and Papal Supremacy in the Christian Church, and their Effects respectively on the State of Society.

IN

my Second Letter, page 262, I shewed by what means Pope Gregory VII, in the year 1073, usurped a supremacy in the Church; and in my third, page 304, I gave some specimens of the intolerant and sanguinary ordinances which he and his successors framed, to extend and maintain their domination by a system of terror.

The removal of that salutary control which the Emperors had maintained over the Popes, for nearly 800 years, gave a full scope to their inordinate ambition, which soon became, and continued, for many centuries, a general and unceasing source of discord and bloodshed in Europe. For more than a hundred years after Gregory's death, two, and sometimes three Popes claimed to be the true successors of St. Peter, and the city of Rome was often deluged with blood, by the factions which maintained their respective pretensions. The Romans, galled by the exactions of the Papal government, frequently rose in arms, for the purpose of restoring that state of things which existed before the Pope acquired temporal power and, in a conflict occasioned by an attempt of this sort, Pope LuGius II lost his life, in the year 1145. Rome often exhibited such scenes *N. B. A small edition, which contains the Rules and Regulations for England, with an elegant equestrian figure of William I, Price only 6di

*

of turbulence, that there was a necessity for holding the election of Pope in other parts of Italy; and even after the election, the pontiffs were driven from that city, and were compelled to seek an asylum in a foreign country. The circumstances of their election were often attended with scenes of sanguinary strife and disgraced by gross simony; and the frailty, and frequent wickedness of their lives, exposed to familiar observation, destroyed all reverence for them among the Roman people, even while their name and their decrees inspired with awe and terror the inhabitants of remote countries. Such scenes of discord were not confined to Italy, as the intriguing competitors for the Popedom drew most of the European States into the vortex of criminal ambition. Thus, on the death of Pope Honorius II, in the year 1130, a furious contest took place between Anacletus and Innocent II, in which not only the Italian States, but the Emperor, and the Kings of England and France, became partizans. Rival Popes excommunicated not only each other, but sovereign Princes, who refused to support their pretensions, or espoused the cause of their antagonists. In a little more than a century after the death of Gregory VII, the Popes excommunicated no less than eight Emperors; some of whom they deposed. Dreading the power of the Emperors, which, while it was the cause of their exaltation, had, however, kept them within the bounds of moderation. The Popes did their utmost to depress and weaken the em pire, Guicciardini therefore truly observed, that "the Church hates Cæsar;t" and Carion complained, that "by the wickedness of the Bishops of Rome, the empire is fallen into decay."+

When Rodolph, of Hapsburgh, was elected Emperor in the year 1273, he durst not go into Italy, which he called the lion's den; because, though the entrance lay open, but few returning footsteps were to be seen.

During such contests for the Popedom, the son was raised in rebellion against his father, the subjects against their Sovereign, and one king was committed in warfare against another, by Papal mandates. Conrad, King of the Romans, received the benediction of Pope Pascal II, for having endeavoured to dethrone the Emperor his father, in the year 1104. Henry V rebelled against his father, and finally brought his grey hairs with sorrow to the grave. The Papal party taking advantage of this quarrel, availed

Muratori observes, "that thirty-six of Gregory VII's successors, till their retreat to Avignon, maintained an unequal contest with the people of Rome, and were often driven from it." Vol. III. p. 1. p. 277—685.

+ Proprium est Ecclesiæ odisse Cæsares, Lib. 4.-Henry IV, Henry V, Frederick Barbarossa, Henry VI, his brother Philip, Frederick II, Henry VII, Frederick of Austria, Lewis of Bavaria, Sigismund, and Frederick III, felt the power of a temporal sword wielded by a religious arm.

‡ Sceleribus pontificum, hoc imperium labefactum est.